Inventing the People by Edmund S. Morgan

Author:Edmund S. Morgan
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Published: 2013-07-20T16:00:00+00:00

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1 Sir John Fortescue, De Laudibus Legum Angliae, edited and translated by S. B. Chrimes (Cambridge, England, 1949), 80–91. Quotation at p. 87.

2 Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince and the Discourses (New York,Ì950), 175. (Discourse No. 21.)

3 Francis Bacon, Works, James Spedding, R. L. Ellis, and D. D. Heath, eds., (London, 1857–74). VI, 94–95, 405–6, 446–47. Quotation at p. 447.

4 See, for example, the eloquent speech by Thomas Hedley in the Parliament of 1610 (Elizabeth Foster, ed., Proceedings in Parliament, 1610 [New Haven, Conn. 1966], II, 194–95): “So if the liberty of the subject be in this point impeached, that their lands and goods be any way in the king’s absolute power to be taken from them, then they are (as hath been said) little better than the king’s bondmen, which will so discourage them and so abase and deject their minds, that they will use little care or industry to get that which they cannot keep and so will grow both poor and base-minded like to the peasants in other countries, which be no soldiers nor will be ever made any, whereas every Englishman is as fit for a soldier as the gentleman elsewhere.” Cf. Walter Raleigh, Remains of Sir Walter Raleigh (London, 1702), 226.

5 James Harrington, The Political Works of James Harrington, J. G. A. Pocock, ed. (Cambridge, England, 1977), 198, 443, 688.

6 Cf. David Hume, Essays Moral and Political, 3d ed. (London, 1748), 70–77.

7 The association of wooden shoes with the supposed degradation of the French peasantry began early. See Henry Parker, Some Few Observations[London, 1642], 15; Vox Pacifica (London, 1644), 11.

8 Edward and Annie G. Porritt, The Unreformed House of Commons: Parliamentary Representation before 1832 (Cambridge, England, 1903), I, 151–203.

9 But it is possible to make a powerful argument that the Tories were the political radicals of the eighteenth century before Wilkes. See Linda Colley, “Eigteenth-Century English Radicalism before Wilkes,” Royal Historical Society Transactions 31 (1981), 1–19. See also Colley, In Defiance of Oligarchy: The Tory Party 1714–60 (Cambridge, England, 1982).

10 C. H. Kirby, “The English Game Law System,” American Historical Review 38 (1932–33), 240–62.

11 Alexander Spotswood, The Official Letters of Alexander Spotswood, R. A. Brock, ed. (Richmond, 1882–85, Virginia Historical Society Collections, n.s. I—II), I, 140, II, 1–2; H. R. Mcllwaine, ed., Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia 1752–1755, 1756–1758 (Richmond, 1909), 360–61.

12 See below, pp. 184–189.

13 For a differing view of the English military, see Stephen Saunders Webb, The Governors-General: The English Army and the Definition of the Empire, 1569–1681 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1969); and 1676: The End of American Independence (New York, 1984). Cf. Richard R. Johnson, “The Imperial Webb: The Thesis of Garrison Government in Early America Considered,” William and Mary Quarterly, third series, vol. 43 (1986), 408–30; and Webb, “The Data and Theory of Restoration Empire, ibid., 431–59.

14 Douglas E. Leach, Roots of Conflict: British Armed Forces and Colonial Americans 1677–1763 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1986), 176–233; Fred Anderson, A People’s Army: Massachusetts Soldiers and Society in the Seven Years War (Chapel Hill, N.

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